India pitching for enhanced development of Biofuels - PIB - 23/12/22

Context:
India, during its Presidency of G20, is emphasising on international collaboration for energy security and enhanced development of emerging fuels like biofuel and hydrogen.
Relevance:
GS3
ABout:
-Government notified the use of hydrogen as automotive fuel for fuel cell vehicles on 16th September, 2016.
-Oil CPSEs are setting up 2G ethanol bio-refineries in the country at Panipat (Haryana), Bathinda (Punjab), Numaligarh (Assam), Bargarh (Odisha) and one demonstration project at Panipat.

-Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels primarily produced from biomass, and can be used to replace or can be used in addition to diesel, petrol or other fossil fuels for transport and other applications.
-Crops used to make biofuels are generally either high in sugar (such as sugarcane, sugarbeet), starch (such as maize and tapioca) or oils (such as soybean, rapeseed, coconut, sunflower).

-1st-generation biofuels are made from sugar, starch, vegetable oil, or animal fats using conventional technology.
-2nd generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass (stalks of wheat and corn, and wood).
-3rd generation biofuels are produced from microorganisms like algae.

->Indian efforts to promote Biofuels:
-National Policy on Biofuels 2018
-Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) program
-Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan – Vatavaran Anukool fasal awashesh Nivaran) Yojana
-GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources) DHAN scheme
-Repurpose Used Cooking Oil (RUCO)

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